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This is the science of accurately measuring and understanding the three fundamental properties of the Earth's surface, which are its geometric shape, its orientation in space, and its gravitational field, in addition to the changes that occur to these properties over time.

Geodesy works and activities

01
Development of the national geodetic infrastructure - the national geodetic reference frame, and national geodetic networks.
02
Conducting studies and research related to geodetic activities in cooperation with relevant entities.
03
Providing data, products, services, and electronic applications related to the activities.
04
Developing new applications for geodetic surveying and geodetic Earth observations to support emerging new geospatial activities.

This is a system of technologies, methods, tools, and services existing for the purpose of sustainable development and the application of the Saudi Arabian National Spatial Reference System (SANSRS).

The National Network of Continuously Operating Reference Stations (KSA-CORS)

is a network of reference stations that operate continuously to determine locations using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) positioning techniques. The General Authority for Survey and Geospatial Information (GASGI) has established the KSA-CORS national network, which currently consists of 209 operational reference stations. Through the KSA-CORS national network, GASGI aims to provide accurate and reliable positioning services across the Kingdom. In addition, the network's objectives include the calculation, dissemination, and maintenance of the National Geodetic Reference Frame KSA-GRF17.

The National Network of Continuously Operating Reference Stations (KSA-CORS) provides the following products to users in the Kingdom:
  • Satellite positioning data.
  • Virtual RINEX files.
The National Network of Continuously Operating Reference Stations also provides the following services to users:
  • Downloading raw GNSS observation data (GNSS RAW Data).
  • Network Real-Time Kinematic (Network RTK) and Differential GNSS (DGNSS) positioning services.

The National Gravity Network

The National Gravity Network is a network of points distributed across the Kingdom's area where the values of Earth's gravity have been measured using both absolute and relative methods. The main objective of the National Gravity Network is to support geodetic activities related to the development and maintenance of vertical reference frames and geoid models for the Kingdom, and to provide data to users regarding activities related to Earth's gravity values, including determining flood flow paths, correcting leveling readings, and monitoring volcanic activity. (Including the attached image named “KSA-NGrN_Ar“) The National Gravity Network consists of the following elements: The National Absolute Gravity Network. The National Absolute Gravity Network was established to define the absolute value of gravity (gravity reference) and its gradient (calibration) using Earth's gravity values measured directly at the network stations with gravity value measurement techniques and devices. The National Absolute Gravity Network was established according to second-order/first-class standards according to the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) standards and consists of 41 stations where Earth's gravity values have been measured with an accuracy of 10 microgals.

The National Absolute Gravity Network The National Absolute Gravity

Network was established to define the absolute value of gravity (gravity reference) and its gradient (calibration) using Earth's gravity values measured directly at the network stations with gravity value measurement techniques and devices. The National Absolute Gravity Network was established according to second-order/first-class standards according to the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) standards and consists of 41 stations where Earth's gravity values have been measured with an accuracy of 10 microgals.

The National Relative Gravity Network

The National Relative Gravity Network was established for the purpose of densifying the absolute gravity measurements through the use of relative Earth's gravity value measurement techniques and devices. The National Relative Gravity Network was established according to the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) standards and consists of 3836 stations where Earth's gravity values have been measured with an accuracy better than 20 microgals.

Baseline for calibrating relative Earth gravity measuring devices

The baseline for calibrating relative Earth gravity measuring devices was established to provide calibration services for relative Earth's gravity value measurement techniques and devices. The baseline for calibrating relative Earth gravity measuring devices was established according to the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) standards and consists of 14 stations where Earth's gravity values have been measured with an accuracy better than 10 microgals.

The National Vertical Network.

It is a network of benchmarks (BM) built according to the standards of the U.S. National Geodetic Survey (NGS). The Authority established the National Vertical Network to achieve the following objectives: Calculating the GEOID model for the Kingdom

  • Contributing to obtaining high-precision topographic maps
  • Building digital terrain models for the Kingdom.
  • Facilitating the implementation of projects such as (roads, pipelines, communication lines, etc.) with high accuracy
  • Leveling agricultural lands and establishing irrigation canals. /li>
  • Contributing to the infrastructure of urban development and the associated services network.
  • Contributing to the infrastructure of urban development and the associated services network.

The National Vertical Network is used in calculating the Kingdom's vertical reference system, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Vertical Reference Frame 2014 (KSA-VRF14). The National Vertical Network consists of the following:

  • Observations: Precise vertical leveling.
  • Benchmarks: 3893 benchmarks (BM).
  • Leveling Lines: 88 leveling lines.
  • Average Distance Between Benchmarks: 6 km.
  • Total Length of the Network: 22869 km.
  • Accuracy: 1.03mm S, where S is expressed in "km".
  • Precise Leveling Requirements: Second-order/first-class according to the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) standards
  • Information Available for Each Benchmark: Orthometric height value defined on the KSA-VRF14
  • لVRF14 vertical reference frame, in addition to a description card. The National Vertical Network has been connected to the tide gauge station network.

Spatial Reference System (SANSRS) is defined as: a stable reference system that determines Cartesian coordinates, longitudes, latitudes, heights, scale, gravity, and orientation throughout the Kingdom. It allows users to accurately determine and express locations in Saudi Arabia, and contributes to identifying changes that occur to the Earth's surface and its gravity field in space and time. It is designed to meet national economic, social, and environmental needs, and is used in all applications and services for determining locations in horizontal and vertical directions. Additionally, all geospatial products are based on it.

The National Spatial Reference System SANSRS consists of the following geodetic components:
  • National Geodetic Reference Frame KSA-GRF
  • National Vertical Reference Frame KSA-VRF
  • National Geoid Model KSA-GEOID

National Geodetic Reference Frame KSA-GRF

The National Geodetic Reference Frame KSA-GRF17 is a geodetic frame for the Kingdom that was calculated according to the following standards:

It is consistent with the latest realization of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame ITRF2014/IGS14 epoch 2017.0. Its movement is linked to the motion of the stable part of the Arabian tectonic plate.

The National Geodetic Reference Frame KSA-GRF17 was established using satellite positioning data and observations from the National Network of Continuously Operating Reference Stations KSA-CORS and data from continuously operating reference station networks belonging to other entities.

The National Geodetic Reference Frame KSA-GRF17 was calculated using 333 reference stations distributed across the Kingdom, whose coordinates were provided with high accuracy at the millimeter level on the National Geodetic Reference Frame itself. The National Geodetic Reference Frame has been registered in the global database of the International Geodetic Registry of Coordinate Reference Systems known as the European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) to facilitate user access to the National Geodetic Reference Frame KSA-GRF17 through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software and geodetic programs.

For more information and details about the calculation of the National Geodetic Reference Frame KSA-GRF17, you can refer to the technical summary document of the National Spatial Reference System SANSRS.

National Vertical Reference Frame KSA-VRF

The National Geodetic Reference Frame KSA-GRF17 is a geodetic frame for the Kingdom that was calculated according to the following standards: It is consistent with the latest realization of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame ITRF2014/IGS14 epoch 2017.0. Its movement is linked to the motion of the stable part of the Arabian tectonic plate. The National Geodetic Reference Frame KSA-GRF17 was established using satellite positioning data and observations from the National Network of Continuously Operating Reference Stations KSA-CORS and data from continuously operating reference station networks belonging to other entities. The National Geodetic Reference Frame KSA-GRF17 was calculated using 333 reference stations distributed across the Kingdom, whose coordinates were provided with high accuracy at the millimeter level on the National Geodetic Reference Frame itself. The National Geodetic Reference Frame has been registered in the global database of the International Geodetic Registry of Coordinate Reference Systems known as the European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) to facilitate user access to the National Geodetic Reference Frame KSA-GRF17 through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software and geodetic programs. For more information and details about the calculation of the National Geodetic Reference Frame KSA-GRF17, you can refer to the technical summary document of the National Spatial Reference System SANSRS. يمكنكم الرجوع إلى وثيقة الملخص الفني للمرجع المكاني الوطني SANSRS

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Geoid Model KSA-GEOID

The Authority has calculated a new geoid model for the Kingdom, 21GEOID-KSA, which is considered an updated version of previous geoid models using recent data. 21GEOID-KSA is considered a hybrid model that was calculated using terrestrial, marine, and airborne gravity data, GOCE satellite gravity data, as well as satellite altimetry elevation data and vertical leveling using GNSS techniques. 21GEOID-KSA is a key component of the Vertical Reference Frame VRF-KSA, as it allows users to calculate orthometric height values for points within the Kingdom. The 21GEOID-KSA geoid model is characterized by its homogeneous accuracy around the Kingdom due to the distribution of the data used in its calculation, and the average accuracy of the geoid height values calculated from the 21GEOID-KSA model is better than 2 cm for the entire area of the Kingdom. For more information and details about the calculation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Geoid Model GEOID-KSA you can refer to the technical summary document of the National Spatial Reference System SANSRS يمكنكم الرجوع إلى وثيقة الملخص الفني للمرجع المكاني الوطني SANSRS

الادوات والخدمات:
Frequently Asked Questions

Geodetic Components of the National Spatial Reference System

National Geodetic Reference Frame KSA-GRF

National Vertical Reference Frame KSA-VRF

National Geoid Model KSA-GEOID.




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